October is observed globally as Breast Cancer Awareness Month, dedicated to highlighting the importance of early detection, education, and support for those affected by the disease. This year, the month is celebrated under the theme Every Story is Unique, Every Journey Matters. 

This theme recognises the diversity of experiences and reinforces the need for compassionate, timely, and quality care for all, regardless of geography, income, or background, said the World Health Organisation (WHO).

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women worldwide. In 2022, approximately 2.3 million women were diagnosed, and another 670,000 died from the disease. 

While the five-year survival rates in high-income countries exceed 90%, the figures drop to 66% in India and 40% in South Africa, according to the WHO.

“Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among South African women, and although most breast cancer patients are postmenopausal, there has been a growth in premenopausal breast cancer, leading to a younger presentation,” said Breast Imaging Society of South Africa chair Dr Peter Schoub.

“One of the biggest hurdles in South Africa remains the late-stage diagnosis of breast cancer. Late diagnosis drastically reduces treatment options and survival rates. 

“Contributing factors include a lack of awareness, a failure to understand one’s personal risk factors, socioeconomic disparities, and limited access to healthcare facilities.

“Ideally, women should start with self-examinations in their 20s with annual mammograms from the age of 40. Because cancers found through routine screening are often smaller and localised, this increases the chances of successful treatment and survival.”

There are two different ways to self-exam:

• Visual check: Stand before a mirror, arms at your sides, and look for changes in shape, size, dimpling, or nipple changes.

• Physical check: While lying down or in the shower, use the pads of your three middle fingers with varying pressure levels to feel breast tissue systematically. Move from the collarbone to the nipple in a circular or clock-like pattern.

A breast examination should be done once a month. Photo: cansa.org.za

Warning signs to not ignore:

• swelling in part or all of the breast;

• dimpling, ridges, or skin irritation;

• nipple turning inward, pain, or unusual discharge;

• redness, scaliness, or thickening of the skin or nipple; and

• a lump or knot in the breast or underarm.

OFM News/Zenande Mpame cvs